Regeneration dynamics in fragmented landscapes at the leading edge of distribution: Quercus suber woodlands as a study case

Abstract Aims We studied the regeneration dynamics of woodlands and abandoned old fields in a landscape dominated by Quercus suber its lower limits rainfall temperature. Two hypotheses were established: (1) species is strongly favored presence tree cover; (2) growth Q. driven climatic variables that represent ecological limit leading distribution edge. Methods selected with without remnants ( n = 3 per type), analyzed stand structure, soil parameters growth. Results Succession was arrested remnants. By contrast, remnant trees accelerators forest recovery fields. Tree cover played fundamental role recruitment throughout seed dispersal facilitation mitigate effects summer drought on seedlings. Also, improved (e.g., organic matter) are important factors for understanding differences regeneration. Winter/spring precipitation exerted positive effect growth, as well temperatures during winter/spring September. Conclusions Regeneration modeled density cold dry edge area where ilex increasing abundance. Although temperature has , when demographic processes considered, decreases water availability likely play critical recruitment. This turn changes dominance hierarchies, especially areas little or no cover.